an anisotropic leaflet material model in TAV simulations. Comparative simulations were performed to investigate the impact of using FE-only models vs. A previously developed nonlinear finite element (FE) model of transcatheter aortic valves (TAV) was utilized to couple with SPH to simulate valve leaflet dynamics throughout the entire cardiac cycle. In this study, we developed a novel fully-coupled fluid–structure interaction (FSI) model using smoothed particle hydrodynamics (SPH). Computational modeling of heart valve dynamics incorporating both fluid dynamics and valve structural responses has been challenging.
